Exam 2
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infauna
animals living inside the sediment
macrofauna
animals of 1/10 cm in size
microbiota
microscopic organisms, often living between the sediment gradients
meiofauna
Intermediate-sized animals (40um -10mm) living inside the sediment
epifauna
animals living on top of the sediment
A dinoflagellate with a mutualistic relationship with coral
Zooxanthelle
The satellite picture shows chlorophyll concentration in the Pacific. A relatively narrow band of increased chlorophyll levels can be observed along the equator. Name and explain the process that causes this increased equatorial chlorophyll levels.
Equatorial Upwelling Coriolis effect causes upwelling in the open ocean near the equator Trade winds at the equator blow surface water both north and south, allowing upwelling of deeper water. The deep water carries nutrients, causing algal production at the surface
What is an insular shelf?
The shelf surrounding an island
The group of seagrasses is polyphyletic. What does that mean?
They don’t have a common ancestor that was a seagrass
Parrotfish eat the limestone skeleton of coral and excrete the sand as waste. This is called
bioerosion
Drop the labels onto the correct place in the picture.
1) tentacle 2) pharynx 3) mesentarial filament 4) connecting sheet 5) theca 6) scleroseptum 7) basal plate
which of the following is an example of a trophic cascade?
mass mortality of a species of seabird results in increased numbers of mangrove-eating insects and defoliation of mangrove stands
which way do corals NOT get food?
by consuming excess nutrient runoff
a boundary between two water masses is called?
front
A diver takes a styrofoam cup on a dive. After the dive, the styrofoam cup has shrunken. Its volume is now 1/3 (one third) of its original volume. How deep was the dive?
20 meters
Specialized ‘breathing’ root developed in mangroves
pneumatophore
Seedling growing on mother tree
propagule
Pore on the surface of a mangrove root that serves in gas exchange
lenticle
Spongy tissue that forms spaces or air channels in the leaves, stems and roots of mangroves
aerenchyma
Seedlings sprout while still on the mother tree
vivipary
this pattern is caused by?
langmuir cells
what is the best coast for surfing?
the one that has middle amounts of water
when an ancient underwater volcano disappears, the ring that it forms is called…
a coral atoll
the difference between black and white smokers is?
black smokers have sulphur-bearing minerals, white smokers have calcium and silicon