Titrations and Salt Preparations
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Describe the method of an acid alkali titration
• rinse the burette with distilled water and fill the burette with standardised solution (the alkali - NaOH) • fill the conical flask with the substance being titrated (acid - HCl) • put a few drops of phenolphthalein into the flask of acid. it should stay colourless bc its an acid • open the stopcock and slowly add the standardised solution to the flask until the solution indicates a colour change (pink) due to alkali added. • measure the amount of standarised solution used from the burette • repeat until you reach concordant results (0.2 difference only) and find the average of your results. • calculate concentration using formula.
Describe the method to produce a pure, dry sample of soluble salt starting from an insoluble reactant
• starting with insoluble reactant - mix/react with suitable acid to form a soluble salt • filtration: put the substance through filter paper to remove excess insoluble starting material • crystalisation and evaporation: heat substance to evaporate all water until crystals start to form. then pat dry with a paper towel or leave out to dry
Describe the method to produce a pure dry sample of soluble salt from an acid and alkali
• mix the acid and alkali to produce salt and water • crystalisation and evaporation: heat substance to evaporate all water until crystals start to form. then pat dry with a paper towel or leave out to dry
Describe the method to produce a pure dry sample of an insoluble salt from 2 soluble reactants
• mix both soluble starting materials to form an insoluble salt. it is obtained from the precipitate of the solution. • wash the precipitate and leave outside to dry
Describe the method to produce a pure dry HYDRATED sample of copper (ii) sulfate crystals from copper (ii) oxide
• dissolve copper (ii) oxide into sulfuric acid to form copper (ii) sulfate solution • evaporation and crystalisation: heat substance to evaporate excess water until crystals start to form. then pat dry with a paper towel or leave out to dry
Describe the method to prepare a pure dry sample of lead (ii) sulfate
• mix lead (ii) nitrate solution with sulfuric acid to get the precipitate of lead (ii) sulfate • filter the precipitate through filter paper and wash it with distilled water • leave outside to dry
What is the balanced chemical equation for producing copper (ii) sulfate?
CuO (s) + H2SO4 (aq) -> CuSO4 (aq) + H2O (l)
What is the balanced chemical equation for producing lead (ii) sulfate?
Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) -> PbSO4 (s) + 2HNO3 (aq)