5.6 Making More Salts
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Acid + alkali —>
Salt + water
What happens in neutralisation reactions?
• H+ ions from the acid react with OH- ions from the alkali • the ions react to form water molecules
Ionic equation for neutralisation
H+(aq) + OH- (aq) —> H2O (l)
What can you make by reacting a metal with an alkali?
Ammonium or metal salts
Ammonia formula
NH3
Ammonia reacting with water equation
NH3 (aq) + H2O (l) —> NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
Acid + ammonia solution —>
An ammonium salt + water
Write the word equation for when ammonia solution reacts with nitric acid
Nitric acid + ammonia solution —> ammonium nitrate + water
How would you be able to tell when the acid and alkali have completely reacted?
• using an acid/base indicator • carry out the experiment with the indicator added to see how much acid reacts completely with alkali • run that volume of acid into the solution again, but this time without the indicator • crystallise and dry the crystals of salt from the reaction mixture as described previously
Acid + carbonate —>
A salt + water + carbon dioxide
Give the word equation for when calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid
Calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid —> calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide