Biology
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Biology
The science of life and living organisms, including the study of the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living organisms.
What defines life? 7 characteristics of life, of which organisms exhibit all or most
Organisation Response to stimuli Metabolism Homeostasis Reproduction Adaptation Growth and development
what is the cell
It is an organism’s basic unit of structure and function
Myocardiocyte is a
cell
Cardiac muscle is a
tissue
the Heart is a
organ
Circulatory system
organ system
Quantitative The patient is
weighing 150 kg or The patient takes 2 tablets of 500mg aspirin per day.
Qualitative The patient is
over weight or The patient said that they feel like they are always taking pills.
Which of the following is the lowest level of biological organisation that has life? Molecules Tissues Cells Organs Organ Systems
cells
Metabolism
Transformation of energy by converting chemicals to energy that the body can use
Homeostasis
Regulation of the internal environment to maintain a constant state (body temperature kept at 37ºC)
Reproduction
Units of inheritance, genes, are passed on from parent to offspring
Evolutionary adaptation
Adaptations evolve over many generations by the reproductive success of those individuals with inherited traits that are best suited for their environment
Genes control the pattern of
growth and development of organisms
Which characteristics of life are exemplified by the following? A. The cloning of a plant from a single cell.
Reproduction
Which characteristics of life are exemplified by the following? B. The rapid removal of ones hand from a hot stove top.
Response to stimuli
Which characteristics of life are exemplified by the following? C. The conversion of chemical energy to kinetic energy in a muscle cell.
Metabolism
Which characteristics of life are exemplified by the following? D. The shivering of the human body in cold environments.
Homeostasis
Levels of biological organisation
atoms molecule organelles cell tissue organ & organ system organisms, populations & communities ecosystem biosphere
How Scientists make observations and test it
1-initial observation 2-hypothesis 3-experiment 4-observation & analysis of data 5-interpretation 6-Final hypothesis supported
Functions of carbohydrates
1-Produce energy for metabolic processes 2-energy storage molecules e.g. starch (plants) and glycogen (animals) 3-Structural molecules; cellulose (plants) 4-Parts of nucleotides; DNA and RNA 5-Immune system; recognition molecules(مثال كرات الدم الحمراء)
Classification of carbohydrates
Monosaccharide Disaccharides Polysaccharides
Monosaccharide units
1 monosaccharide unit of 3-6 carbon atoms.