Stem cells

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Total cards: 23•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (23)

Front (Question)

Cell proliferation:

Back (Answer)

When cells replicate themselves

Front (Question)

Cell differentiation:

Back (Answer)

When unspecialised cells develop characteristics and functions of particular cells

Front (Question)

How many different cell types can the inner cell mass (stem cells) become?

Back (Answer)

200+, anything but embryonic cells

Front (Question)

Totipotent:

Back (Answer)

Any cell in the human body (200) + embryonic membrane, placenta and umbilical cord

Front (Question)

Pluripotent:

Back (Answer)

Can become any cell in the human body, but not the embryonic membrane

Front (Question)

Multi potent:

Back (Answer)

Gives rise to types of cells with a specific function, found in adults Eg, red bone marrow gives rise to RBC

Front (Question)

What are the three primary germ layers? + examples

Back (Answer)

Endoderm- epithilium lining of alimentary canal, urinary and gall bladder Mesoderm- bones, cartilage, blood Ectoderm- nervous system, teeth enamel, epidermis of skin

Front (Question)

5 key roles of the placenta:

Back (Answer)

Endocrine gland- secretes oestrogen + progesterone Gas exchange Waste removal Immunity Nutrition (glucose, lipids)

Front (Question)

Foetal development- 3 months

Back (Answer)

Forelimbs well developed, eyelids closed, outer ear completed, bone marrow formed, blood cells formed in bone marrow, sex distinguishable

#10

Front (Question)

Foetal development- 4 months

Back (Answer)

Arms and hands fully shaped, skeleton completed, movement of muscles

#11

Front (Question)

Foetal development- 5 months

Back (Answer)

Fine hair covers body, gripping reflexes, more growth

#12

Front (Question)

Foetal development- 6 months

Back (Answer)

Respiratory movements, digestive glands begin to function, tooth buds formed, eyebrows/ eyelashes

#13

Front (Question)

Foetal development- 7 months

Back (Answer)

Period of greatest growth, all systems functional except respiratory system

#14

Front (Question)

Foetal development- 8 months

Back (Answer)

Accumulation of fat beneath skin, growth slows

#15

Front (Question)

Foetal development- 9 months

Back (Answer)

Eyes open, nose well for,ed, sucking and grasping reflexes, fine body hair is shed

#16

Front (Question)

The 5 steps of implantation: (think abcde)

Back (Answer)

1- fertilisation 2- early cleavage 3- late cleavage 4- blastocyst formation 5- implantation of blastocyst

#17

Front (Question)

What is blastocyst?

Back (Answer)

Hollow ball of cells that surround a cavity filled with fluid

#18

Front (Question)

Why does implantation occur?

Back (Answer)

So the blastocyst can gain nourishment for growth and development by absorbing nutrients from uterine lining

#19

Front (Question)

Functions of the placenta: endocrine:

Back (Answer)

Secretes a number of hormones needed to maintain pregnancy

#20

Front (Question)

Functions of the placenta: excretory

Back (Answer)

Transports nitrogenous waste such as urea, Uric acid, ammonia and creatinine from foetal blood or mothers blood (excreted through kidneys)

#21

Front (Question)

Functions of the placenta: immune

Back (Answer)

Transports antibodies from mother into foetal blood for immunity

#22

Front (Question)

Functions of placenta: nutritional

Back (Answer)

Transports nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals from mother to foetus, stores essential nutrients early in pregnancy and releases later

#23

Front (Question)

Functions of placenta: respiratory

Back (Answer)

Transports oxygen from mother to foetus and co2 from foetus to mother