Lecture 7 Digestion
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What is digestion?
The breakdown of nutrients into absorbable form.
Where can digestion occur?
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
What are the two types of digestion?
Physical/mechanical and chemical
What are the ways we physically/mechanically digest food?
chewing, mixing, squeezing
What is peristalsis?
The squeezing of food through GI tract.
What works like scissors and cut chemical bonds?
Digestive enzymes
What are the 3 types of chemical digestion?
Enzymes, acids, and emulsifiers
What is bolus?
chewed food at the moment of chewing.
What is chyme?
When food leaves the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly-digested food.
What part of the small intestine does digestion occur?
Duodenum
What parts of the small intestine does absorption occur?
Jejunum and Ileum
All enzymes are _______.
Proteins
All enzymes have an ____________ and ______ range.
optimal temperature and pH
What breaks down carbohydrates?
Carbohydrase
What breaks down proteins into smaller peptides or single amino acids?
Protease
What catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats?
Lipase
What are the two types of starch?
amylose and amylopectin
α- Amylase is what type of enzyme?
endoenzyme
α-amylase cleaves where on α-1,4 glycosidic linkages?
At random
β-Amylase is what type of enzyme?
Exoenzyme
Where does β-Amylase cleave?
The second α-1,4 glycosidic linkages
What are the sources of α-amylase?
animals, plants, and microbes
What are the sources of β-Amylase?
Plants and microbes
γ-Amylase is what type of enzyme?
Exoenzyme