The digestive system
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What are the 5 stages of digestion and their functions?
• Ingestion - taking in food. • Digestion - breaking down food. • Absorption - the movement of food from the intestines to the blood. • Assimilation - the movement of nutrients into the cells. • Egestion - getting rid of undigested waste.
What enzyme in saliva breaks down starch into maltose?
Amylase
How many teeth does an adult have?
32
What are the 4 types of teeth and their functions?
• Incisors - cutting and slicing. • Canines - grip and tear. • Pre molars - crush and grind. • Molars - crush and grind.
What is an enzyme?
A biological catalyst
What is a catalyst?
A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction
What is a substrate?
The food source that the catalyst acts upon
What is the epiglottis?
The flap of tissue that covers the trachea (wind pipe) when you swallow food and water
How does the oesophagus move the food from the mouth to the stomach?
It uses a wave like contraction of muscles called peristalsis
What dissolves food and kills microorganisms in the stomach?
Hydrochloric acid
How does the stomach protect its self from self digestion?
It has a layer of mucous coating it’s inside
What are the three functions of the liver?
• Produces bile • Detoxs the body • Produced heat - the body’s temperature is 37 degrees
Where is bile stored?
The gallbladder
What does bile do in the small intestine?
It emulsifies fats (maximizes surface area) and neutralizes stomach acid.
What does the pancreas do?
Produces amylase and insulin
What is the function of the small intestine?
To absorb nutrients into the blood
How long is the small intestine?
6-7 metres
What is the function of the large intestine?
To re-absorb water into the blood
Where is waste shaped and stored?
The rectum
Where is waste egested?
The anus
What does fibre do?
It helps absorb water which stimulates peristalsis