Chapters 7 and 9 Ionic bonding
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what are valence electrons
electrons in the highest occupied energy level
How do you draw an electron dot structure?
1 on each side then double up
how do you tell how many valence electrons are in a representative element
the group number
what are cations
positively charged ions
what type of atoms makes cations
metal
how are cations named
name ion
what are the Roman numerals for
transition metals that have more than one ionization energy
what are anions
negatively charged ions
what type of atom makes anions
nonmetals
what suffix does a monatomic anion have
ide
what are two exceptions to ide monatomic
hydroxide cyanide
what suffixes to polyatomic cations hve
ite ate
which polyatomic suffix has one less oxygen than the other
ite
what do groups 1a-3a make
cations
what do groups 5a-7a make
anions
what is the octet rule
the atoms lose or gain electrons to have 8 valence electrons
what are the exceptions to the octet rule
H, He, Li, Be, B
what is the charge of silver
Ag +
what is the charge of cadmium
Cd 2+
what is the charge of zinc
Zn 2+
Ammonium
NH4 +
nitrite
NO2 -
Nitrate
NO3 -
Cyanide
CN -