Chapter 7 - Learning and Adaptation
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what do you call a decrease in strength of response to a repeated stimulus
habituation
_________ is an increase in the strength of response to a repeated stimulus
sensitization
_______ conditioning entails 2 stimuli becoming associated with each other
classical conditioning
we learn to associate our responses with specific consequences, this is associated with which basic learning process
operant conditioning
when eastyn was a child she was bitten by a goose, now, every time she walks by a goose on campus she is scared. what basic learning process does this reflect?
classical conditioning/associative learning she associates the dog with fear of being bitten
eastyn gives her boyfriend a reward ;) every time he gives her flowers she is using
operant conditioning
_________ stimulus elicits a particular reflexive or innate response to a unconditioned responses without prior learning
Unconditioned stimulus
______ involves retaining information over time
storage
when someone “pulls information out of storage”, we refer to this as retrieval
retrieval
what is habituations adaptive significance
If an organism responded to every stimulus in its environment, it would rapidly become overwhelmed and exhausted. By learning not to respond to uneventful familiar stimuli, organisms conserve energy and can attend to other stimuli that are important.
__________ increases an organism’s response to potentially dangerous stimuli
sensitization
eastyn is expecting a call from her plug, she is anxious to receive it. when she hears it, she it more responsive because she was expecting it. what is this an example of
sensitization
everytime eastyn tokes, she plays “rebel’s kick it” by YB. now every time this song plays she associates it will smoking. this is an example of ______ _______
classical conditioning
offering praise when someone does something positive is an example of _________ ________
operant conditioning
_________ focuses on the function of behavior, such as their adaptive significances and fixed action patterns
ethnology
what are the two fundamental ways in which environment shapes behavior
personal adaptation - behavior is influenced by immediate environment and by capabilities that have been acquired through experience species adaptation - genetically based features that enhance a species’ ability to adapt to the environment are more likely to be passed on to future generations
what is the purpose of sensitization
to increase responses to a potentially dangerous stimulus
what is the purpose of habituation
allows organisms to conserve energy by not responding to every single stimulus in their environment serves as a key adaptive function
explain how Pavlov discovered classical conditioning
discovered that when a stimulus is associated with food, dogs will learn to associate the stimulus with food, and will salivate Figured that if salivation could be conditioned, so might other bodily processes.
during classical conditioning ______ refers to the period during which as response is being learned
acquisition
what is the unconditioned stimulus, and the unconditioned response
An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that leads to an automatic response the response itself, it the unconditioned response
what is the conditioned stimulus and what is the conditioned response
A conditioned stimulus is a stimulus that can eventually trigger a conditioned response.
in pavlovs experiment name the following unconditioned stimulus unconditioned response conditioned stimulus conditioned response
unconditioned stimulus - food unconditioned response - salivation conditioned stimulus - the tone of the bell conditioned response - salivation
Learning usually occurs most quickly with________ _______-______ pairing: The CS (tone) appears first and is still present when the UCS (food) appears.
forward short delay pairing