B2 organisation

a group of specialised cells with a similar structure and function eg: muscle tissue

breaks down insoluble food so it can be absorbed by the cells

produce digestive juices which contain enzymes which break down food

produces hydrochloric acid that kills bacteria and provides the optimum PH for protease enzymes to work

absorbs soluble molecules into the blood

produces bile which helps the digestion of lipids

absorbs water from undigested food to produce faeces

the space on an enzyme where the substrate binds

protein

enzymes need an optimum PH and temperature if these are to high or low the active site will change shape causing it to denature

they area type of enzyme that converts carbohydrates into simple sugars e.g.: amylase breaks down starch into maltose

converts proteins into amino acids

convert lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

pancreas and small intestine

benedict’s test turns brick red

Iodine test turns blue black

Biuret test turns purple

emulsion test cloudy layer when ethanol is added

produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder

-it is alkaline to neutralise the acidic PH of stomach acid as the enzymes in the small intestine’s optimum PH is more alkaline then those in the stomarch -emulsifies fat (breaks down) as the larger surface area allows lipases to break down lipids into fatty acids faster

deoxygenated blood goes to the lungs and then oxygenated blood is pumped around the body

the left ventricle needs to be pumped all around the body

make sure blood does not flow backwards

cover the heart to provide its own oxygenated blood