heredity
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What is Heredity?
The passing of characteristics from parents to offspring.
What is Variation?
Differences among individuals belonging to the same species.
What is Genetics?
The branch of biology that studies hereditary information.
What are the Branches of Genetics?
Mendelian/Molecular/Population Genetics
What is Mendelian Genetics?
Reviews the basic laws of inheritance described by Gregor Mendel; he used garden peas as a model organism.
What is Molecular Genetics
Deals with the chemical nature of genes;mechanisms of transmission;and applications.
What is Population Genetics?
Studies the behavior of a particular gene in a group of organisms and the impact of environmental factors on genes.
What is a Gene?
A segment of DNA that is the basic functional and structural unit of heredity.
What does Chromosome carry?
Carries DNA in cells.
What is DNA?
Responsible for building and maintaining human structure.
What is a Genotype?
The set of genes an organism carries.
What is a Phenotype?
The expressed and observable trait.
What is an Allele?
An alternative form of a gene.
What is Homozygous?
Has two identical copies of the same allele for a particular trait.HH;hh
What is Heterozygous?
Has two different copies of alleles for a particular trait.Hh
What does homozyous Dominant look like?
RR:HH:WW
What does a Recessive look like?
rr;hh;ww
Who is Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884)?
A botanist; teacher;and Augustinian prelate;first person to lay the mathematical foundation of genetics.
What is the Garden Peas (Pisum sativum) and why peas?
Mendel used garden peas as his model organism for his experiments due to their: Observable traits with contrasting forms;High offspring production in one cross;short life cycle and generation time;Ease in manipulating pollination.
What is Monohybrid Inheritance?
Inheritance involving one pair of contrasting alleles.
What is a Monohybrid Cross?
A cross involving the inheritance of only one trait.
How is Pure Breeding produced?
Produces only one form of a particular trait when self-fertilized.
What is a Punnett Square?
Introduced by Reginald Punnet; a diagram used to predict the expected results of a genetic cross by considering all possible combinations of gametes.
What is the Unit Factors in Pairs?
Genetic characters are controlled by unit factors (genes) that exist in pairs in individual organisms.