Meiosis
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what is meiosis
cell division that produces haploid cells (gametes); 4 unique cells
stages of meiosis
interphase: - G1: cell growth - S-phase: DNA replication - G2: preparation for division Meiosis I Interkinesis: interphase without S-phase Meiosis II cytokinesis: division of cytoplasm
what happens in metaphase I and anaphase I
1 - tetrads align at equator 2 - homologous pairs separate
what is interkinesis
interphase without S-phase
what happens in meiosis II
steps are just like in mitosis except with haploid cells
what happens in prophase I
homologuous chromosomes pair up (tetrads form), crossing over occurs,
when does cytokinesis happen
it is division of cytoplasm and occurs at the same time as division of chromosomes
in what ways does meiosis create genetic variation
• crossing over makes that there are genes from both parents (resulting in 4 different chromatids) • random fertilization (8 million possible combinations of chromosomes, 12 dad 11 mom …..) orientation of the chromosomes is random
what is the phenotype
appearance
What is the locus
position (2 homologuous chromosomes have them in genes in same spot, one is G other is g for example) both sister chromatids of each chromosome have the same allele
What is the allele
alternative versions of gene (G or g)
meaning of homozygous and heterozygous
homo = same allele (true breeding) hetero = different alleles
genotype
combination of alleles and genes