Speciation and pathways of evolution

the formation of a new species and the evolution of new groups of living organisms

Occurs when two or more species become increasingly similar in phenotype in response to similar selective pressures ex Sharks and dolphins not related but share smooth stream lined body Analogous feature is when two body parts are similar in appearance but different in evolutionary origin

occurs when two or more species evolve increasingly different traits, resulting from differing selective pressure or genetic drift ex bird and whale have homologous feautures homologous feature, structures that share a common origin but may serve diff function s in species ( ex human hand and bird wing or dolphin flipper)

Adaptive radiation is a process in which divergent evolution occurs in rapid succession, or simultaneously, among a number of groups to produce three or more species or higher taxa ex) Ground finches from south America to other islands -> These birds were adapted for eating medium sized seeds and therefore struggled when they tried to compete against smaller and larger size birds when eating smaller and larger seeds. When they found a new island, there was no competition with a medium sized seeds which allowed for Adaptive radiation

one species evolves in response to the evolution of another species ex leaf cutter ants baring leaves to underground chambers where fungus grows on it, which feds the ants, fungus cannot grow anywhere else on earth