OG unit 1.4 mock
暂无描述。系统推荐的高质量记忆内容，适合每天坚持背诵学习。
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What is a Dative covalent bond? (coordinate bond)
When there’s an extra proton from ig the main metal in the covalent bond? (so just say an extra proton ig) 2 electrons deriving from the same atom
What 2 ways polarisation can happen
• The bigger and more highly charged anion • The smaller and more highly charged cation
What is intramolecular attraction?
Occurs within molecules which connects the atoms together (this force v. strong)
What is intermolecular forces?
Occurs between molecules to help bind em together (weaker than intramolecular forces)
Explain diamond covalent bond
• Giant covalent (each carbon connected to 4 others by covalent bond) • ^ Leads to a high mp (high amount of energy) to overcome
Explain methane covalent bond
• Simple covalent (atoms within molecule connected by strong covalent bonds but forces between molecules are weak vdw forces) • ^ Very little heat energy needed to overcome = low m and b points
Learn diagram representing weak intermolecular forces if u want
idk
Quick summary of effects on halogens
As u go down the group, + electrons, mp increases, bp increases, states change from gas to liquid to solid
Why does bp increase as u go down the group 4 of hydrides type shit?
• Molecules getting larger • More electrons • VDWs dispersion forces become greater
How would the bp of alkanes compare to bp of alcohols?
Alkanes - Only intermolecular forces are vdw forces (very weak = little heat needed to overcome similarly for bp too) Alcohols - Only vdw AND hydrogen bonds (which are stronger than vdw so needs more heat energy) ANd also just say how it needs to overcome both forces thats why bp is high
Chemical can hydrogen bond = more soluble in water A small alcohol such as methanol and ethanol is readily soluble in water. But as its carbon chain increases, alcohols become increasingly insoluble. WHY?
Methanol and ethanol have short alkyl chains with v. small vdw forces. As chain length increases, the vdw forces between them also increases interfering with the molecules ability to form hydrogen bonds. The alkyl chains are hydrophobic too so its non-polar. gl man
What does VSEPR stand for?
V:alence S:hell E:lectron P:air R:epulsion
How to tell if atom is a lone pair?
Shares electrons and has extra electrons
How to tell if atom is bonding pair?
Wants to gain electrons
What are the 6 shapes ya learn for the molecules? (after 2, then it starts going up by 1)
• Linear (connected to 2 others) • Bent (“ & 104.5 degrees apart) • Trigonal planar (connected to 3 others & 120 degrees apart) • Tetrahedral (connected to 4 others & the one with 109.5 degrees apart) • Trigonal bipyramidal (connected to 5 others) • Octahedral (connected to 6 others)
How to tell if the shape will have bendings or not?
Based on it repulsion strength: S LP:LP > LP:BP > BP:BP W
How to even answer the VSEPR question anyways?
• Gain electrons of each element • Draw the covalent bond • State what pairs are seen • State the shape and why (for the degrees one thats the LP included) Additionally, if u needa compare, compare their shapes and pairs ig?
Remember that bond angle changes based on LP being present and if that pair has a lot of electrons (press space for examples)
Preciate it :D NH3 = 3 Bps & 1 Lp Causes trigonal pyramidal , 109 degrees on one of em H2O = 2 Bps & 1 Lp Well ye ofc it’s bent uhhh idk where i was going with this but the top one is important okay?