Additional Study Material for Apr 17 Exam
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What needs to be considering when handling AI semen?
Avoiding temperature shock and contamination
Which species utilizes artificial insemination the most?
Turkey broilers
How is estrus synchronization typically achieved?
Injections of prostaglandin (commercially known as lutalyse) are used to destroy the CL and restart an animal’s estrous cycle
What is the role of FSH in mammalian females?
Stimulate development of graafian follicles and estrogen production
What is the different between sterile and sub-fertile?
Sterile animals cannot reproduce at all, while sub fertile animals reproduce at a less than optimal rate
What is a cryptorchid?
A male in which one or both of the testicles did not descend into the scrotum
What is atresia?
The shrinking of a female’s ovarian follicles over time
How is estrus detected in swine?
Rigid stance, red and swollen vulva
What occurs in the puberal stage?
Endocrine changes lead to the acquisition of reproductive competence (influenced by age and weight)
What are some issues that can affect sperm quality?
Loose heads, misshapen heads, and droplet tails
What is the egg hierarchy observed in female birds?
The largest yolk will be the next to ovulate
What factors influence conception rate?
Semen quality, receptivity of female, ability of inseminator, nutrition, disease, and stress statuses
What does neurohormonal mean?
The release of hormones is controlled by nerves
What is estrus synchronization?
Controlling the estrous cycle so that a herd or flock of females comes into estrus at approximately the same time
What are the advantages of IVF?
• Oocytes are easily obtained from high value animals, both living and recently deceased • Embryos can be collected at almost any time
What is the function of luteinizing hormone in mammalian males and male birds?
Stimulate testosterone production
What timeframe for insemination has the highest conception rate?
Mid-estrus to end of estrus
How is estrus detected in horses?
Elevation of tail, “winking,”frequent urination
What is a freemartin?
A sterile, female twin to a male
What is the function of follicle stimulating hormone in mammalian males and male birds?
Stimulate spermatogenesis
Why is artificial insemination limited in horses?
To keep stud fees in place
What are the incubation period requirements for birds?
20-28 days (dependent on species) 100 degrees Fahrenheit, high humidity
How is estrus detected in cattle?
Daily checks for signs of heat, “gomer bulls” or other markers
How are the embryos prepared for embryo transfer?
The donor female is super ovulated and bred with two doses of semen, before having the eggs recovered with a uterus flush