IB Exam Review Unit 3

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

Front (Question)

How many principle structures of the ventilatory system are there?

Back (Answer)

Front (Question)

What are the principle structures of the ventilatory system? (9)

Back (Answer)

• nose • mouth • pharynx • larynx • trachea • bronchi • bronchioles • lungs • alveoli

Front (Question)

Nose and Mouth

Back (Answer)

breath oxygen rich air into system

Front (Question)

Pharynx

Back (Answer)

branches to form esophagus

Front (Question)

Trachea

Back (Answer)

carries air to your lungs

Front (Question)

Larynx

Back (Answer)

upper opening into trachea that contains muscles cartilages, and vocal cords

Front (Question)

Bronchi

Back (Answer)

passageways that connect trachea and lungs

Front (Question)

Bronchioles (2)

Back (Answer)

• smaller branches of bronchi • increase surface area for gas exchange

Front (Question)

Alveoli

Back (Answer)

small air sacs where gas exchange happens

#10

Front (Question)

What are some conducting airways? (3)

Back (Answer)

• nasal/oral passages • trachea • bronchi

#11

Front (Question)

What are the functions of conducting airways? (3)

Back (Answer)

• low resistance path for air • warming, moistening of air • air filtration by lining

#12

Front (Question)

What is the function of the nose as a conducting airway?

Back (Answer)

humifies and filters entering air

#13

Front (Question)

What is the function of the pharynx as a conducting airway?

Back (Answer)

a low resistance path for airflow into the larynx and then trachea

#14

Front (Question)

What is the function of the larynx as a conducting airway?

Back (Answer)

protecting the trachea from invasion of foods and fluids

#15

Front (Question)

Diaphragm (2)

Back (Answer)

• muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen • its contraction increases the volume of the thorax and inflates the lungs for breathing

#16

Front (Question)

What happens during inspiration at rest? (4)

Back (Answer)

• diaphragm contracts, creating a larger thoracic cavity • external intercostal muscles contract, moves ribs up and out making the rib cage expand • lung volume increases and air pressure decreases • air moves into the lungs

#17

Front (Question)

What happens during exhalation at rest? (4)

Back (Answer)

• diaphragm relaxes, creating a smaller thoracic cavity • external intercostal muscles relax, moves ribs down and in making the rib cage contract • lung volume decreases and air pressure increases • air moves out lungs

#18

Front (Question)

What is different about pulmonary ventilation during exercise? (2)

Back (Answer)

• more oxygen is needed by muscles • more carbon dioxide is released by muscles

#19

Front (Question)

What additional muscles work during ventilation during exercise? (3)

Back (Answer)

• internal intercostal muscles • muscles of abdomen • muscles of shoulders

#20

Front (Question)

What is energy for muscle contraction used for? (3)

Back (Answer)

• inspiration at rest • inspiration during exercise • expiration during exercise

#21

Front (Question)

What happens during inhalation during exercise? (2)

Back (Answer)

• ribcage up and out • internal intercostal muscles relax • external intercostal muscles contract

#22

Front (Question)

What happens during exhalation during exercise? (3)

Back (Answer)

• ribcage down and in • externa intercostal muscles relax • internal intercostal muscles contract

#23

Front (Question)

Spirometry (2)

Back (Answer)

• test used to measure pulmonary ventilation in humans • measures the volume and rate of air inhaled and exhaled over a period of time

#24

Front (Question)

Tidal Volume

Back (Answer)

volume of air breathed in and out in one normal breath