groups in the periodic table

-high melting and boiling points -good conductors of heat and electricity - all solids at room temperature apart from mercury - form positive ions

on the right side of the table because they have many electrons on their outer shell

-lower melting and boiling points than metals -often found as gases -generaly do not conduct heat or electricity

an element found in group 0

because they already have a full outer shell so they dont need to gain or lose any electrons to fill it

because they wont react with the hot metal filament

-low melting and boiling points -monoatomic -low density -Inert (unreactive) - not flammable - colourless

elements found in group 7

-7 outer electrons -diatomic -form salts

• because the atoms gain more electron shells so distance between the outer shell and nucleus increases • so the attraction between them is weaker , this makes it harder to gain an electron • outer energy levels are shielded from the positive charge of the nucleus from internal electrons

Alkali metals

increases because the attraction between the electron and the positively charged nucleus becomes weaker therefore msking it easier to lose an electron • there is a greater distance between the positive nucleus and negative outer electron • the outer electron is shielded from the nucleus by the internal energy levels

in the middle of the table between group 2 and 3

-strong and hard -high melting points -lower reactivity -high density

-can form more than one ion -can form coloured compounds -can be used as catalyst

• react vigorously to produce hydrogen gas and metal hydroxides • as you go down the group, the reaction becomes more violent • the amount of energy given out by the reaction increases as we go down the group

react vigorously when heated in chlorine gas - reactivity increases as you go down group

• react to form metal oxide e.g - Li20

• more reactive -they are less dense, strong and harder than transition metals • lower melting points

• fluorine, reactive, poisonous yellow gas • chlorine, fairly reactive poisonous dense green gas • bromine, dense, poisonous, red- brown volatile liquid -iodine, dark grey crystalline solid or a purple vapour

molecules, pairs of atoms

• they are made up of single atoms not bonded to each other at all

they increase as relative atomic masses increase

• soft • all have one electron on outer shell • lower melting and boiling points than other metals • low densities