8.1 Solar System
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Which galaxy is our solar system part of?
The Milky Way Galaxy
How many planets make up our solar system?
Eight
What do planets in our solar system orbit around and what type of body is it?
The planets orbit around the Sun, which is a star.
What type of force pulled together the cloud of dust and gas to form the Sun?
Gravitational force of attraction
What word is used to describe a cloud of dust and gas?
A nebula
What type of reactions take place at the start of a star’s life cycle as dust and gas is drawn together?
Fusion reactions
What factor determines the types of life cycle a star undergoes?
The size of the star
Which two phases do all stars of the same or greater size than the Sun undergo?
● Protostar phase ● Main sequence phase
What do stars of a similar magnitude to the Sun become at the end of their life cycle?
A black dwarf
What two things can stars much bigger than the Sun become at the end of their life cycle?
● Neutron star ● Black hole
What two phases do stars of similar size to the Sun go through between being a main sequence star and black dwarf?
● Red giant ● White dwarf
What two phases do stars of greater size than the Sun go through between being a main sequence star and a neutron star/black hole?
● Red supergiant ● Supernova
What are produced during the fusion processes in a star?
All of the naturally occurring elements
What condition is required for fusion reactions to occur in a star?
Very high temperatures
How are elements heavier than iron produced?
In a supernova
What type of nuclei fuse together to form heavier elements in a star?
Hydrogen nuclei fuse to form heavier elements
How are elements distributed throughout the universe?
Through the explosion of a massive star (supernova)
What allows planets and satellites to maintain circular orbits?
Gravity provides the gravitational force that acts as the object’s centripetal force. The presence of a centripetal force allows for the object to maintain a circular orbit.
What type of satellite can a planet’s moon be described as?
A natural satellite
Give two examples of artificial satellites
● TV satellites ● Satellites used for satellites imaging
Explain why for a stable orbit, the radius of orbit must change if the speed changes. (Higher)
At higher speeds, the object requires a greater centripetal force. For a greater centripetal force, the gravitational force must increase. This is achieved by the radius of the orbit being reduced.
Explain how the force of gravity acting on a satellite affects its speed and velocity. (Higher)
The force can alter its velocity since the direction is continually changing. It can’t cause a change of speed since there is no force component in the direction of motion.