Transverse And Longitudinal Waves
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What are transverse waves?
The oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of the wave/energy
Give some examples of transverse waves
S-waves All EM waves Water waves
What are longitudinal waves
Oscillations are parallel to the direction of the wave/energy
Examples of Longitudinal waves
P-Waves Sound waves Ultrasound waves
How do sounds differ from each other?
Pitch Volume Quality
Higher pitch, lower pitch, what has changed?
An increase or decrease in frequency
Volume difference-what has changed?
Higher amplitude (louder) or a lower amplitude (quieter)
Quality of the sound wave- what has changed?
The shape of the wave. Smoother shape= better quality
Describe how a longitudinal wave travels through the air [3 marks]
The oscillations travel parallel to the direction of the wave (P1) They require a medium (P2) They have compressions and rarefactions (P3)
Define Constructive interference
When waves meet each other, they interfere with each other. When the peaks meet peaks and troughs meet troughs, they add together and become INPHASE
Define Destructive Interference
When two waves meet, they interfere with each other. When peaks meet troughs, they cancel each other out and are in ANTIPHASE
Which units do we use when talking about phase differences
We work in radians. 1 wave=360⁰=1 circle=2πᶜ
State what is meant by a progressive wave
Waves that transfer energy but not matter
Explain how Emission spectra are formed and how these are used to determine the composition of stars
A light photon ‘excites’ the nucleus, which then relaxes and emits energy, forming the emission spectra. The emission spectras of know elements are aligned with the emission spectra of the stars. Thereby, we can see which elements match up in the E.S NB.:The E.S is unique to each element