Test 2 Material

4.5 billion years ago

3.5 billion years ago

All the matter and energy of the universe. Very unstable and unsure exactly what it was

Acidic rain Lightening storms with large amounts of electricity Horrible conditions Major elements found (CHONPS)

Primitive Earth to Organic life Able to recreate in 1953 Placed in conditions as primitive earth and 2 days later found amino acids forming

Basic cells consisting of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids surrounded by membranes

Was able to synthesize in a lab in 3 hours. Displayed complex cellular behavior

• double membrane • osmotic balance • basic movement • ATP synthesis • absorb adjacent molecules and divide

• less complex structure, single stranded • transfers and stores information • replicates • act as catalyst • Present in first cell

• in 400 celsius • metal sulfides, CO2, O2 • chemical reactions form pyruvate! • Archaea and bacteria found

• Not likely photosynthetic due to deep vents and lack of light • Chemoautotrophs, heterotrophic, or photosynthetic autotrophs

organism that obtain energy by the oxidation of organic and inorganic molecules –>Archaea and bacteria

Fed upon molecular “soup” and other cells in the ocean

Later occupied ocean where light penetrated

• Last major discoveries • Prokaryotes: no nucleus, more simple • Polysaccharides additional layer • Significant in oceanic plankton, nitrogen cycles, and symbiotic relationships

Thermophiles, halophiles, methanophiles, sulfurphiles, alkalphiles, acidophiles

Blue/green algae Photosynthetic autotroph Proliferate and make oxygen

Endosymbiont Theory

mitochondria has own DNA. Mitochondria originally own cell, heterotrophic prokaryote

True

• aggregate structures of cyanobacteria and microbial films that trap sediment • oldest known fossil 3.5 BYA • Discovered in Australia in 1956 • Still alive today • Before oxygen explosion

True

• Shared resources • Shared information • Protection/resistance • Specialization • Complexity

Cells are exposed to high oxygen levels and clump together and coordinate metabolism