P1
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Sub atomic structures charge
Proton =+1 Neutron=0 Electron=-1
Who made the first atomic model?
John Dalton
Name for JJ Thompsons atomic model
Plum pudding model
Why was the plum pudding model called that?
He said the atom had electrons floating in a positively charged ‘pudding’
Who did the gold foil experiment?
Ernest Rutherford
What did the gold foil experiment prove?
Most of the atoms mass was in the nucleus
What did Niels Boher discover?
That electrons had fixed orbit shells
Forces of attraction in solids
High
Forces of attraction in liquids
Weak
Forces of attraction in gases
Very weak
Positions of the states of matter
Solid-fixed Liquid-random movement Gas-random movement
Speed of particles in solid
They vibrate
Speed of particles in liquid
Slow
Speed of particles in gases
Fast
Density
How tightly matter is packed in an object
Density equation
Density = mass ÷ volume
Internal energy
Total energy stored by particles making up a substance
Kinetic energy
Movement energy of particles
If the internal energy goes up.. the temperature…
Goes up
Specific heat capacity
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C
SHC equation
Change in thermal energy = mass × SHC × change in temp
SHC equation rearranged for SHC
SHC= Change in thermal energy ÷ mass × change in temperature
When an object heats up what happens?
transfers energy to the kinetic energy stores -> internal energy increases -> temperature increases
Temperature
Measure of average internal energy