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integumentary system

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

#1
Front (Question)

epidermis

Back (Answer)

• outermost layer of skin • made mostly of keratinocytes • keratinocytes start at the stratum basal and move upwards as they mature

#2
Front (Question)

layers of the epidermis ( deepest to most superficial)

Back (Answer)

• Stratum basale • Stratum spinosum • Stratum granulosum • Stratum lucidum • Stratum corneum

#3
Front (Question)

stratum basale

Back (Answer)

• single layer of cuboidal/columnar cells • deepest layer • attached to the basement membrane • most nourished cuz its closest to the blood supply • site of cell division (mitosis)

#4
Front (Question)

stratum spinosum

Back (Answer)

• 8 to 10 layers of spiny keratinocytes • connected by desmosomes (tight connections that prevent tearing) • limited cell division • contains langherans cells (immune cells)

#5
Front (Question)

stratum granulosum

Back (Answer)

• 2 - 5 layers of flattened cells • cells contain keratohyalin granules (cells that make skin impermeable) • nuclei start to breakdown (cells are dying)

#6
Front (Question)

stratum lucidum

Back (Answer)

• only in thick skin (palms and soles) • 2 - 5 layer of dead keratinocytes • contains eleidin (translucent, water resistant protein)

#7
Front (Question)

stratum corneum

Back (Answer)

• top layer • 15 to 30 layers of dead keratin filled cells • main function is to prevent water loss + protect the body

#8
Front (Question)

epidermis cell types

Back (Answer)

• keratinocytes • melanocytes • langerhans cells • Merkel cells

#9
Front (Question)

keratinocytes

Back (Answer)

• most common skin cell • make keratin which strengthens and waterproofs skin

#10
Front (Question)

melanocytes

Back (Answer)

• make melanin • protect against UV radiation • stratum basale

#11
Front (Question)

langerhans cells

Back (Answer)

• immune cells • phagocytes

#12
Front (Question)

merkel cells

Back (Answer)

• touch receptors • located in stratum basale

#13
Front (Question)

dermis cell types

Back (Answer)

• fibroblasts • adipocytes • macrophages • mast cells

#14
Front (Question)

fibroblasts

Back (Answer)

• make collagen, elastin and matrix • main builders of the dermis

#15
Front (Question)

adipocytes

Back (Answer)

fat cells

#16
Front (Question)

macrophages

Back (Answer)

• immune cells that engulf pathogens

#17
Front (Question)

mast cells

Back (Answer)

• release histamine • inflammation response

#18
Front (Question)

functions of the integumentary system

Back (Answer)

• homeostasis • protection • thermoregulation

#19
Front (Question)

arrector pili muscle

Back (Answer)

• tiny smooth muscle attached to hair follicles • when cold - contracts - goosebumps

#20
Front (Question)

hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

Back (Answer)

• not part of the skin but lies under it • made mostly of adipose tissue • insulation, energy storage , anchors skin to underlying organs

#21
Front (Question)

2 types of sweat glands

Back (Answer)

• eccrine glands • apocrine glands

#22
Front (Question)

eccrine glands

Back (Answer)

• found almost everywhere • open directly to the skin surface • cool the body thru sweat + evaporation • controlled by hypothalamus

#23
Front (Question)

apocrine glands

Back (Answer)

• found in armpits, groin, around nipples • become active at puberty • secrete thicker sweat into hair follicles • play a role in body odor • not for thermoregulation

#24
Front (Question)

vasoconstriction

Back (Answer)

• when you’re cold, dermal arterioles vasoconstrict • blood is kept deep - less heat lost