2.5 Programming Languages & IDEs
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What are the instructions that tell a computer what to do written in ?
Machine code
What is machine code ?
A series of numbers written in binary or hexadecimal.
What are high-level languages ?
languages that are close to the spoken and written language of the programmer.
What are the cons of machine code ?
• Difficult to learn • Program in • Debug
What is source code ?
Any program written in a high level language
What must happen to source code first ?
Translated to machine code before understanding and executing
What are low level languages ?
A computer programming language which closely represents machine language
What are the two types of low level languages ?
• Machine code • Assembly
What are the pros of machine code ?
• Greater control • More complex commands
Where does assembly language sit ?
Between machine code and high level language.
What do high level languages use to form instructions ?
Statements
What does assembly use to form instructions ?
Mnemonics
What are the pros of using mnemonics ?
• Easier to understand and debug than machine code
What is opcode ?
• Operation code • Specifies instructions that can executed by a CPU
What is operand ?
Data that is manipulated by the CPU/processor according to the given opcode
What must source code first be changed to ?
Object code
What are the three types of translators ?
• Compilers • Interpreters • Assemblers
What is the feature of a compiler ?
• Translates source code as a whole in one go.
What are pros of a compiler ?
• Run quickly • Supplied as an executable file • Optimise code (Use less memory)
What are cons of compilers ?
• Don’t usually spot errors • Source code must be recompiled • Source code compiled on one platform won’t run on another
What are features of an interpreter ?
translates source code into object code one instruction at a time - Interpretation
What are the pros of Interpreters ?
• Executed as soon as translated • Require less available memory • Spot errors quickly
What are cons of of Interpreters ?
• Run more slowly • Don’t produce an executable file • Don’t optimise code • Translated every time it’s run
What are features of an IDE ?
• Editors • Run-time environments • Auto line numbering • Colour coding • Variable tracing • Auto-correct/suggest/indent • Interpreters • Breakpoints