Prelim
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Name four types of body tissue.
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous.
What is the function of connective tissue and a example of where it may be located?
Function - storing energy, example ribs.
What if the function of muscle tissue and where is it found?
Function - to produce force and motion, found in artery walls.
State the meaning of the term germ line cell.
A cell which is capable of passing on its genetic information to the next generation by giving rise to its Gametes
What is meant by the term cellular differentiation.
The process by which a cell develops more specialised functions.
State the function of tissue stem cells
To replenish differentiated cells that need to be replaced
What are cells called which can differentiate into all cell types?
Pluripotent.
How can we detect a woman’s fertile period?
Thinning of the cervical mucus.
How does a tumour become malignant
The cells lose the molecules on their surface that normally hold them in their place
What is a missense mutation
Results in one amino acid being changed for another.
When can we do a dating scan?
8-14 weeks.
When can we do a anomaly scan?
18-20 weeks.
What is a substitution mutation?
A substitution mutation is when a single base nucleotide is changed, inserted or deleted from a DNA or RNA sequence of a organisms genome.
How is a secondary tumour produced?
If cells within the tumour fail to attach to each other they can spread throughout the body and form a second tumour.
What is PCR used for?
Helps solve crimes, Settle Paternity Suits, Diagnose Genetic Disorders.
What is Bioinformatics?
Bioinformatics is the use of computer and statistical technology to identify DNA samples.
What is pharmacogenetics?
When an individuals genome can be analysed to predict the likelihood of developing certain diseases , and this information is used in the choice of drugs
What are mutations?
Mutations are changes in the DNA that can result in no protein or an altered protein being synthesised.
What is a karyotype?
An individuals chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs.
What starts the menstruation cycle?
Lack of progesterone.
CHROMESOME STRUCTURE MUTATIONS - What is a duplication mutation
Where a section of a chromosome is added from its homologous partner.
CHROMESOME STRUCTURE MUTATIONS - What is a deletion mutation?
Is where a section of chromosome is removed and the rest rejoined if needed.
CHROMESOME STRUCTURE MUTATIONS - Translocation
Where a section of a chromosome is added to a chromosome which is not its homologous partner.
What are single gene mutations?
They involve the alternation of a DNA nucleotide sequence due to substitution, insertion or deletion of nucleotides.