the rate and extent of chemical change

amount of reactant uses/product formed / time taken

Larger surface area increases the frequency of collisions between reacting particles

As the temperature increases, particles gain more kinetic energy. Particles are colliding more frequently and more energetically in a given time, so a higher proportion of particles have a greater energy than the activation energy so the RoR increases

Increasing concentration of reactants in solutions means there are more particles in a given volume. This increases the frequency of collisions between particles. A higher proportion of particles will collide with a greater energy than the activation energy so the RoR increases.​

Increasing pressure of reactants means there are more gas particles in a given volume. This increases the frequency of collisions between particles. A higher proportion of particles will collide with a greater energy than the activation energy so the RoR increases

A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy, but is NOT used up itself during the reaction. It remains chemically unchanged. Different catalysts are needed for different reactions.​

the minimum amount of energy required to cause a reaction

a substance which increases chemical reaction without being used up in the process also increase reaction by providing a different pathway with lower activation energy

explains how various factors affect rates of reactions. According to this theory, chemical reactions can occur only when reacting particles collide with each other and with sufficient energy

is the conditions of a reversible reaction are changed then the equilibrium will shift to try and counteract that change