Basics of organic chemistry - 4

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecules

Provides the actual number of atoms of different elements in a molecules

It shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecules without showing every bond

A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but each successive member differing by CH2

A group of atoms responsible for characteristics of a compound

Hydrocarbons with carbon atoms joined together in a straight line or branched chain

Hydrocarbons arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains

hydrocarbons that contain at least one benzene ring

CnH2n+2

CnH2n

CnH2n+1OH

Only contains single bonds

Contain at least one C=C double bond

When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Alkyl groups in different places Different location of functional groups Different types of functional groups

Organic compounds with the same structual formula but have a different arrangement in space

Caused by the limited rotation about the C=C double bonds

If the two substituents with the highest atomic number are on the same side of the double bond, it is a Z isomer If they are on different sides, it is the E isomer

Type of E/Z isomerism where the two substituents on each carbon atom are the same

It happens when each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonded pair forming radicals

When one bonding atom receives both electrons from the bonded pair

Highly reactive atoms or molecules with an unpaired electron

The radicals collide and the electrons are involved on the bond formation