L7 - Systematic Nomenclature Of Small Molecules
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What are carbocycles?
Rings made of C- atoms
What does saturated mean?
No double bonds
What are the names of the 3C, 4C, 5C and 6C saturated carbocycles?
Cyclo- - propane - butane - pentane - hexane
What does unsaturated mean?
With double bonds
What are the names of the 3C, 4C, 5C and 6C unsaturated carbocycles?
Cyclo - - propene - butadiene - pentadiene • benzene
What are heterocycles?
Contains heteroatoms - O, S, P, N, etc.
What is the unsaturated 5C heterocycle called with O?
Furan (Aromatic)
What is the saturated 5C heterocycle called with O?
Tetra hydro furan (THF)
What is the 6C unsaturated heterocycle called with O?
Pyran (Not aromatic)
What is the 6C saturated heterocycle called with O?
Tetra hydro pyran (THP)
What are the cyclic amines with 3C, 4C, 5C and 6C called?
Aziridine Azetidine Pyrrolidine Piperidine
What is the unsaturated 5C cyclic amine called?
Pyrrole (Aromatic)
What is the unsaturated 6C cyclic amine called?
Pyridine (Aromatic)
What are the opposing factors to consider about rings (formation/reactivity?
• probability/entropy = the bigger the chain, the less llikely to form a ring (smaller rings favoured) • ring strain = the smaller the ring, the smaller the bond angle (smaller rings aren’t favoured)
In general, what is the rate of formation (in order of no of C atoms?
5>6>3»4
What is the reactivity like between the different no of C atoms?
5 + 6 rings are usually stable 3 + 4 are susceptible to ring opening
What are the international non-proprietary names (INN)?
…azepam - benzodiazepine …caine - local anaesthetic …navir - anti retroviral …olol - B-blockers …mab - monoclonal antibody …ase - enzyme
What is the suffix and prefix for alcohols?
-ol hydroxy-
What are the substituents for CH3, CH2CH3 and C6H5?
methyl ethyl phenyl