Molecular Biology
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How many hydrogen bonds between C and G?
3
How many hydrogen bonds between A and T?
2
What enzyme separates DNA during replication?
DNA Helicase
What enzyme synthesizes the two new DNA strands in replication?
DNA Polymerase
What direction does DNA replication occur?
5 prime to 3 prime
Why do the new DNA strands have an antiparallel orientation to the parental DNA strands?
Because DNA synthesis occurs in the 5” to 3” direction
Leading strand synthesis is described as being…
Continuous
Lagging strand synthesis is described as being…
Discontinuous
What are the roles of Single Stranded Binding Proteins?
SSBPs are used to maintain unwound parental DNA strands in a single stranded conformation to ease replication fork progression.
Describe lagging strand formation
The initial RNA primer is extended by DNA Polymerase, the RNA primer is then removed by Ribonuclease H and is ultimately replaced by DNA polymerase.
What is the role of DNA ligase?
To convalently link the Okazaki fragments of the lagging strand into one continuous DNA strand.
Why does gene expression involve colinearity?
Gene expression involves the production of proteins. It is determined that there is a linear correspondence between the number of DNA and RNA bases and the number of amino acids in the protein.
Where does transcription occur?
In the nucleus
Where does translation occur?
In the cytoplasm (ribosomes)
What is a centromere?
A specialized repetitive DNA sequence in which the kinetochore assembles.
What is the Replication Origin?
The DNA sequence where DNA replication is initiated.
What is a telomere?
They’re specialized DNA sequences at the ends of linear chromosomes, which maintain chromosomal intergirty.
What enzyme maintains telomeres?
Telomerase
Who discovered genes?
Gregor Mendel
What is Mendel’s first law?
Two alleles from a gene segregate from eachother during gamete formation
What is Mendel’s Second law?
Genes controlling different physical characters assort independently into gametes (if they are on different chromosomes)
List 6 essential factors of the Genetic Code
Is a triplet code made up of codons. Is non-overlapping Is universal Is degenerate Has start and stop signals Accommodates some mismatches.
What is that start codon?
Methionine AUG
What are the stop codons?
UAA UAG UGA