endocrine system

a network of glands, cells and organs that produce hormones, coordinate and manage activities of the body

chemical signals that coordinate a range of bodily functions

Vasopressin: Kidneys, Causes water retention in order to maintain fluid and solute concentration Oxytocin: Mammary glands + Uterus, Moves milk to the secretory ducts + uterine contractions during childbirth

ACTH: Adrenal glands, Stimulates cortisol production Thyroid Stimulating Hormone: Thyroid glands, Stimulates thyroid hormone release Follicle Stimulating Hormone: Ovaries and testes, Females (estrogen release, egg maturation), males (sperm formation) Luteinizing Hormone: Ovaries and testes, Females (progesterone release, ovulation), males (sperm release, testosterone release) Prolactin: Mammary glands, Stimulates and sustains breast milk production Promotes growth, protein synthesis, cell division, roles in glucose Stimulates and maintains milk production Growth hormone: most cells, Supports growth and development, endorses protein synthesis and cell division

Insulin: Muscle and adipose tissue, reduces blood sugar Glucagon: liver, increases blood sugar Growth hormone: insulin secreting cells, influences carbohydrate metabolism

Glucocorticoid (cortisol): Most cells, Promotes proteolysis and conversion to glucose Mineralocorticoid (aldosterone): Kidney, Encourages sodium reabsorption, influences salt-water balance

Adrenaline: Liver + muscle + adipose tissue, Increases heart rate, increases blood sugar and fatty acids, (fight/flight) Noradrenaline: Smooth muscles of blood vessels, Influences blood vessel diameter (dilation/constriction)

Parathyroid hormone: Bone, Kidney, Increases blood levels of calcium and phosphate ions

Testosterone: general, Essential for sperm formation, genital development, influences growth and development Oestrogen: general, Essential for egg development, preps uterine lining prior to implantation, genital development, influences growth and development

Melatonin: hypothalamus, impacts daily biorhythms

Angiotensin: adrenal cortex, impacts blood pressure + influences aldosterone secretion Erythropoietin: bone marrow, stimulates RBC production Vitamin D3: bone + gut, induces Ca+ reabsorption + uptake

Atrial natriuretic peptide: kidney + blood vessels, increases Na excretion + lowers blood pressure

internally, using the bloodstream

cells that have receptors for that hormone

steroid (oestrogen, progesterone, testosterone) and non-steroid hormone (insulin, adrenaline, parathyroid hormone)

1- Growth and development 2- Homeostasis (the internal balance of body systems) 3- Metabolism (body energy levels) 4- Reproduction 5- Response to stimuli (stress and/or injury)

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) and Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). These aforementioned hormones play a role in the secretion and regulation of ACTH, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, Growth Hormone, Prolactin etc

group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time

pituitary gland makes too much growth hormone resulting in notable changes in terms of height and girth

softening and weakening of bones in children, usually because of an extreme and prolonged vitamin D deficiency

growth hormone deficiency, is a condition in which the pituitary gland does not make enough growth hormone resulting in a child’s slow growth pattern and an unusually small stature