Section 2
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What is a bit?
A binary digit - a single 1 or 0
What is a byte?
A group of 8 bits
What is a nibble?
4 bits (half a byte)
How many bytes are in 1 kilobyte (kB)?
10³ bytes
How many bytes are in 1 gigabyte (GB)?
10⁹ bytes
How many bytes are in 1 terabyte (TB)?
10¹² bytes
How many bytes are in 1 petabyte (PB)?
10¹⁵ bytes
What is the denary value of binary 10110?
22
What is the denary value of binary 11111111?
255
How to convert from denary to binary?
Find the highest column heading which can be taken out of the number, and continue
Convert denary 128 to binary
10000000
What happens when adding 1 + 1 in binary?
10 (0 in that column, 1 passed to next)
What is an overflow error?
When a calculation results in a number too large to be stored in the allocated number of bits
What happens when you shift a binary number left by 1 place?
The number is multiplied by 2
What happens when you shift a binary number right by 1 place?
The number is divided by 2
What is hexadecimal?
A base 16 number system using digits 0-9 and letters A-F
What does A represent in hexadecimal?
10 in denary
Why is hexadecimal used in computing?
It’s easier for humans to read and remember than long binary strings; each hex digit represents 4 bits
What is ASCII?
American Standard Code for Information Interchange - a character encoding standard
How many bits does standard ASCII use per character?
7 bits
How many characters can 7-bit ASCII represent?
128 characters (2⁷)
How many bits does extended ASCII use?
8 bits per character
How many characters can extended ASCII represent?
256 characters (2⁸)
Are ASCII codes for uppercase and lowercase letters the same?
No - lowercase letters have higher ASCII values than uppercase