11. Basic Concepts
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Define molecular formula
the exact number of atoms of each element present in a molecule
Define empirical formula
the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule
Define homologous series
a series of compounds with the same functional group with each member differing by a CH2 group, and having the same general formula
What are the 3 types of structural isomer?
chain : Cs arranged differently position : functional group moves along the molecule functional group : atoms arranged into a new functional group
Define stereoisomerism
same structural formula but atoms occupy different positions in space
What are the 2 types of stereoisomer?
cis/trans : stems from inability of C=C to rotate optical : atoms arranged to form 2 non-superimposable mirror images around a chiral carbon
What happens in homolytic fission?
each bonded atom takes 1 e- from the shared pair each atom becomes a radical
What happens in heterolytic fission?
one atom takes both e- from the shared pair and becomes -ve ion atom w no shared e- becomes +ve ion
What are the 3 main types of reaction?
addition substitution elimination
What are the 3 types of molecules in terms of structure?
aliphatic alicyclic aromatic