lipids

-building blocks of lipids -hydrocarbon chains with a terminal coo-groups

-3 fatty acids molecules attached to one molecule of glycerol by ester bonds -serves as main storage form of energy, insulator, shock absorber and integral part of cell membrane

-Similar to tryglycerides except that the third position on the glycerol backbone contaons a phospholipids head group -contains polar and non-polar end -constituent of cell membrane

Serve as part of cell membranes and as parent chain of cholesterol based hormones, e.g aldosterone, cortisol and the sex hormones Exists in forms

App. 70% of TC

app. 30% TC

GENERAL LIPOPROTEIN STRUCTURE: Typical _________ in shape with sizes ranging from 10-1200 nm

GENERAL LIPOPROTEIN STRUCTURE: composed of lipids and proteins, called ______________

GENERAL LIPOPROTEIN STRUCTURE: the various lipoproteins were originally separated through ______________

-located on the structure of lipoprotein particles -maintain structural integrity of lipoproteins -serves as ligands for cell receptors

TYPES OF MAJOR LIPOPROTEINS: 2nd largest, 2nd least dense 2nd highest TAG content causes fasting hyperlipidemic turbidity FUNCTION transports endogenous (hepatic) tryglycerides

TYPES OF MAJOR LIPOPROTEINS: produced by the lipolysis of VLDL small lipoprotein directly related to risk of Coronary Heart disease highest cholesterol content FUNCTION transport the Cholesterol to peripheral tissue

TYPES OF MAJOR LIPOPROTEINS: Smallest, but densest highest protein content FUNCTION Reverse transport cholesterol

MINOR/ABNORMAL LIPOPROTEINS: also known as FLOATING BETA-LIPOPROTEIN seen in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia

MINOR/ABNORMAL LIPOPROTEINS: also known as sinking pre-beta lipoproteinemia LDL-like particle

MINOR/ABNORMAL LIPOPROTEINS: seen in biliary cholestasis, familial LCAT deficiency

BETA-VLDL is also known as?

SPECIMEN CONSIDERATION: Fasting = _____ hrs

CHOLESTEROL MEASUREMENTS: Definitive method

glacial acetic acid sulfuric acid acetic anhydride

TRIGLYCERIDE MEASUREMENTS: Hydrolysis of glycerol is accomplished using alcoholic KOH Oxidation of glycerol by periodic acid, forming formaldehyde and formic acid Formaldehyde combines with a variety of reagents:

TRIGLYCERIDE MEASUREMENTS: New reference method for triglyceride measurements, involve the hydrolysis of fatty acids on triglycerides and the measurement of glycerol.

LIPOPROTEIN MEASUREMENTS: Range in density observed among lipoprotein classes is a function of lipid and protein content and enables fractionation by density using centrifugation.

LIPOPROTEIN MEASUREMENTS: Takes advantage of difference in size and change