Term 3
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Define: Fulcrum Effort Load
Fulcrum - the point at which a lever rotates Effort - The force applied to the lever Load - Force apples by the lever to move
Describe, draw and give an example of a first class lever
Fulcrum located in the centre between the load and force on either end. Example from human body is the head. (Seasaw)
Describe, draw and give an example of a second class lever
Fulcrum located at the end, load in the centre and force at the opposite end. AN example from human body is calf raises or standing on toes such as sprinting (wheelbarrow)
Describe, draw and give an example of a third class lever
Fulcrum located at the end, force in the middle and load at the end. An example in the body includes, elbow and knee such as sprinting (hammer a nail)
Acceleration formula
Change in velocity (v2-v1) —————————— Change in time
Speed formula
Distance ———— Time
Velocity formula
Displacement ———— Time
Define: Kinetics - Kinematics -
Kinetics - Looks at what causes a body to move in the way it does (doesn’t always refer to human body) Kinematics - the motion of the human body and objects used by sportspeople that are thrown, kicked or transported
Define: Displacement - Distance -
Displacement - how far a body or object has moved in relation to its starting position (in straight line M/s) Distance - how far a body or object has actually moved / travelled
Define: Speed - Velocity - Acceleration -
Speed - measured in m/s (distance) Velocity - a measure of the displacement that a body or object has experienced (displacement) Acceleration - the change in velocity
Dorsiflexion vs plantar flexion
Dorsiflexion is the closing of a joint and plantar flexion is the opening of a joint
Rotation vs circumduction
Rotation is medial or lateral and circumduction is a circular movement
Abduction vs adduction
Abduction is taking away from midline and adduction is adding to the midline
Give a 2 joints and sport example of the following movement: Flexion - Extension -
Flexion - knee when leg bends during running and shoulder when doing an under arm bowl Extension - elbow when throwing a shot put and knee when leg straightens during running
Give a 2 joints and sport example of the following movement: Plantar flexion - Dorsiflexion -
Plantar flexion - ankle standing on toes in ballet and toes when running Dorsiflexion - ankle when hiking up a hill and flexing feet
Give a 2 joints and sport example of the following movement: Rotation - Circumduction -
Rotation - hip in a golf swing Circumduction - shoulder when bowling a cricket ball
Give a 2 joints and sport example of the following movement: Abduction - Adduction -
Abduction - shoulder when arms raise in jumping jacks Adduction - shoulder when returning arms to side in jumping jacks
What are the 6 factors that affect projectile motion. Briefly describe them.
Speed of release- How fast the object is released (thrown or hit). The greater the speed of release, the greater the distance gained Angle of release - The angle that the object is thrown at or hit into the air. If angle too high poor distance is gained. If angle too low poor flight time and possible distance Height of release - How high above the ground an object is released at. The greater the height the greater the distance because time in air will be greater Spin - Helps projectile maintain its course and cause a change in height or direction. Happens as a ball moves through the air in the direction of least air pressure Gravity - Decreases height a projectile can attain Air resistance - Larger surface area more air resistance. Type of surface area. Speed increases so does air resistance. Smaller the mass the more air resistance will affect it
4 types of spin. Describe
• Top spin - where u hit over a ball, creates a downward force on ball causing it to drop • Back spin - where you hit under or slice the ball, creates an upward force causing ball to rise • Clockwise spin - where you hit the ball on the left side of COG, causes ball to spin right • Anticlockwise - hit ball on right side of COG, causes ball to swing left