Equilibrium
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Reversible Reaction
Dynamic
Forward and bacward reaction occur at equal rate
Equillibrium
the concentration of reactants and products stay constant
Dynamic Equillibrium
• Forward and backward reaction occur at equal rate • Reaction is taking place in both directions • Concentration of reactants and products is constant
Hydrated Copper sulphate –> Copper Sulphate + water
Forwards reaction - Heat hydrated copper sulpate - crystals turn from blue to white - lose water Backwards reaction - Add water to anhydorus copper sulphate - white powders absorbs water and turns blue
Ammonium Chloride –> Ammonia + Hydrogen Chloride
Forwards Reaction - Heat ammonium chloride - Ammonia and hydrogen are colourless gases Backwards reaction - Ammonia and hydrogen mix in the presence of hear - White ammonium chloride forms where gases meet
Reactants > Products
Left
Reactants = Products
Middle
Products > Reactants
Right
Equillibirum position shifts by changing the varibales:
• Amount of reactants or Products • Gas pressure • Temperature
the principle behind determining the equillibrium shift
Le Chatelier’s Principle
Le Chatelier’s Principle
The equillibrium shifts to counteract any change imposed on it
Increase Temperature
Equillibirum shifts to endothermic side To absorb heat
Decrease Temperature
Equllibrium shifts to exothermic side To release heat
Increase concentration/pressure
Shifts to the side with less moles of gas
Decrease concentration/pressure
Shifts ot the side with more moles of gas
Adding a Catalyst
Increases the rate of forward and backward reaction at an equal rate No effect on the position of an euillibrium
Adding substance
Shifts to the side which uses the substance
Removing a substance
Shifts to the side which creates the substance