1.1 - Fundamental Ideas
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What are all substances made from?
Atoms
What is an element?
A substance made of only one type of atom
About how many different elements are there?
120
What are atoms made up of
Sub atomic particles: Protons Electrons Neutrons
What relation are protons to electrons?
They have the same number in an atom
What is the mass and charge of a proton?
Mass: 1 Charge: +1
Where is a proton found?
In the nucleus
What is the mass and charge of an electron?
Mass: Negligible Charge: -1
Where is an electron found?
In shells around the nucleus
What is the mass and charge of a neutron?
Mass: 1 Charge: 0
Where is a neutron found?
In the nucleus
Do atoms have a charge? Why?
No They have equal number of protons and electrons to balance the charge out
What are the numbers in each shell for electron configuration?
2,8,8,8…
What is atomic mass?
Protons and neutrons combined
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons or electrons Also called the proton number
What is an isotope?
An element that has the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons
What do isotopes have in common and difference with their original element?
In common: similar chemical properties Different: physical properties
What is a group in the periodic table?
Vertical columns
Elements in the same group have what?
Similar chemical properties Same number of electrons in the outer shell
What is group 0 and what is special about them?
They are the noble gases They are very stable and unreactive as their outer shells are complete
What is a compound?
Two or more chemically combined elements
If a compound is made from metal and a non-metal what do they consist of?
Ionic bonding Ions are formed
If a compound is made from non-metals what do they consist of?
Covalent bonding Molecules
Briefly describe ionic bonding
Metals lose one or more electrons to form a positively charged ion Non-metals gain electrons to form a negatively charged ion Oppositely charged ions attract to form an ionic bond