exam 3 - digestive

capture, process, & absorb nutrients from food; absorb water; vocalizations (in part); sexual dimorphism; defense

at both ends via invagination; stomodeum & proctodeum

forms temporary buccopharyngeal membrane (rupture to combine lumina); forms buccal cavity

forms cloacal membrane then cloaca

teeth, tongue, palate, oral glands; mastication (chewing) in some; cheek pouches in rodents and old world monkeys

usually pliable; birds, turtles, some dinos, and mammals with rigid beaks; usually fleshy in mammals for suckling

no boundary between buccal and pharyngeal cavities

arch boundary separating buccal and pharyngeal cavities

roof of buccal cavity

vomer, pterygoids, parasphenoids, palatines, ectopterygoids

premaxilla, maxilla, palatines

unique to vertebrates; capped with enamel or enameloid; induction between embryonic epidermis and neural crest derived from mesenchyme

epidermis; outside of tooth; hardest substance produced

mesenchyme; inside of tooth; laid down slowly through life

outside-in: from odontodes or integumentary teeth inside-out: from pharyngeal jaws

biting pierces prey; digestive enzymes enter better; chewing–surface to volume ratio larger

when the size of a structure is doubled, surface area increase 2^2, (4x) but volume increases 2^3 (8x)

gum line

above gum line

below gum line

mucous connective tissue

pulses of calcium salt deposition; no growth after tooth erupts (exceptions)

attaches base/root to socket; like bone; may extend around enamel in herbivores

cementocytes lay down matrix in seasonal cycles