No3
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Where do the light dependent and light independent reactions occur?
Dependant - thylakoids Independent- stroma
Calvin cycle?
Dark phase. NADPH + ATP is used. Carbon fixation, reduction, regeneration Produces glucose, nadph and adp
C3 plants? C4 plants?
C3 no special features to combat photorespiration (no products made C4 adapted to survive in hot environments.
CAM plants?
Stomata remain shut during day. Open at night to collect co2 what is is cooler.
What is respiration?
Metabolic reactions in cells that convert energy from nutrients to ATP
Respiration equation?
Glucose + oxygen = c02 water ATP
Anaerobic equation
Glucose = ethanol and ATP
Cristae?
In mitochondria they increase surface area, so more respiration can occur
3 steps of respiration
Glycolysis Krebs cycle Oxidative phosphorylation
Factors affecting respiration
Temperature Water availability Seasonal growth ( younger tissue faster rate)
Apoplastic pathway?
Moisture and contents travel along cell membrane. Little resistance in movement of water. Passive process.
Symplastic path?
Moisture passes from cell to cell via tiny interlinking channels called plasmodesmata. Some resistance in movement. Active process (ATP) so can increase osmotic pressure.
Mitosis?
Reproduction process where daughter cells are produced with identical chromosomes to parent cell.
Meiosis
Similar chromosomes pair up and sections of DNA get swapped.
3 main stages of cell cycle?
Interphase Mitosis Cell division
Ideal soil percentages?
45% mineral matter 25 air 25 water 5 organic matter
Different types of water holding capacity
Saturated - all pores full of water Field capacity - available water for plant growth Wilting point - no water
Soil horizons?
O - organic A - top soil B - sub soil C - parent material
Clay properties?
Holds onto nutrients Water logs soil