Substituted benzene rings
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does phenol react with sodium carbonate?
nope. It isn’t a strong enough base , so it can’t remove the H+ ion.
equation for phenol and sodium hydroxide (acid + base)
-(in salycylic acid) - lone pair of electrons on OH are partially delocalised into the ring - electron density increases - Br2(electrophile) is more polarised
-in benzene, electrons in pi bond are delocalised -in alkenes, electrons in pi bond are localised -benzene has lower electron density -benzene induces a weaker dipole
-(in phenol) -lone pair of electrons on O are partially delocalised into the ring -so electron density increases -Cl2/electrophile is more polarised
properties of electron donating group?
properties of electron withdrawing groups?
name of reducing agent for aldehydes and ketones?
NaBH4
general equation for reduction of an aldehyde
agent used to reduce aldehyde
NaBH4
General equation for reduction of ketone
mechanism for reduction of aldehyde
symbol for reducing agent?
[H]
mechanism for reduction of Ketone
mechanism for hydrogen cyanide and carbonyl group (aldehyde or Ketone)
what type of reaction takes place between cyanide and carbonyl group?
nucleophilic addition
what type of reaction takes place between cyanide and carbonyl group?
nucleophilic addition