chemistry
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
The number of electrons is equal to the number of _______
protons
Atomic number is the number of protons/________
electrons
Atomic mass is the number or protons or the number of electrons and ________
neutrons
Aufbau Principle: electrons fill the ______ energy orbital available
lowest
Pauli’s Exclusion Principle: Orbitals can hold a maximum of ___ electrons provided they have _______ spin
two opposite
Hund’s Rule: Orbitals of the same energy remain _____ occupied before pairing up
singly
Anions
An anion is a negatively charged ion, which has gained an electron or electrons.
Cations
A cation is a positively charged ion, which has lost an electron or electrons.
How many electrons are present in the atom with electron configuration 1s22s22p63s2? a-60 b-13 c-6 d-15 e-12
e-12
Noble gas configuration
A shorthand for electron configuration where a noble gas is substituted for all non valence electrons.
Non valence electrons
electrons located in the inner shells that do not participate in chemical reactions
Orbital diagrams
diagram is a representation of electron distribution into orbitals, where orbitals are boxes and electrons are arrows.
What is the maximum number of electrons that can be found in an atom with a shell n = 3 assuming all shells are filled? a-23 b-18 c-10 d-28 e-17
d-28
Electron configuration spdf notation has:
-a number prefix to denote shell number -a letter to denote subshell -a superscript number to represent the number of electrons
Atomic orbitals The energy is always ……… (i.e. can only be certain values)
quantized
Atomic orbitals Electrons are grouped around the nucleus into …….. or principle energy levels denoted n. The principal quantum number (n) relates to ……….. and most probable …………………. In most cases, the higher value of n the greater the electron energy and the farther the electron is from the nucleus. n = 1, 2, 3, 4 . . . .
shells the energy distance of an electron from the nucleus
Atomic orbitals Electrons are further divided into ………. based on the shape of the region they occupy. Orbitals are a ………..in space within an atom where an electron in a given subshell can be found.
subshells region
s atomic orbitals are
spherica
p atomic orbitals The three …………….. p orbitals are oriented along the three-perpendicular x, y, and z axes
dumbbell-shaped
d atomic orbitals
check them in the lecture mcp03.2
Periodic Table of Elements Elements can be classified based on their physical properties. (metals)
-Solid at room temperature (except mercury) -Shiny -Malleable (do not shatter when struck) e.g. Gold -Good conductors
Periodic Table of Elements physical properties (Non-metals)
-Dull -Poor conductors -Gases, solids and liquids at room temperature -Brittle (shatter when struck) e.g. Sulphur S
Periodic Table of Elements chemical properties Group I – Alkali metals
React readily with oxygen and water e.g. Potassium K
Periodic Table of Elements physical properties (Metalloids (Semi-metals))
Properties intermediate to metals and nonmetals e.g. Silicon shiny but brittle