1.4 Nanoparticles
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What is a nanoparticle?
A structure that is 1-100nm in size. It contains a few hundred atoms
How to convert nm to m
Add nine 0s after the decimal point or add x10 to the power of -9
Convert 2nm to m
0.0000000002nm or 2x10 to the power of -9
How to calculate surface area
Calculate the area of one side and multiply by the number of sides of the shape
How to calculate the volume
LXBXH
Calculate the surface area of a cube with a length of 10cm
10x10=100 100x6=600cm2
Calculate the volume of a cube with a length of 10cm
10x10x10=1,000cm3
How to calculate surface area to volume ratio
Calculate surface area, calculate volume then place in a ratio (SA:V) and simplify until V=1
What can we conclude about two cubes, one with a length of 50cm and one the length of 5cm?
When the sides of a cube have decreased by a factor of 10 (eg 50cm to 5cm) , the surface area to volume ratio increases by a factor of 10 (eg 50cm = 0.12:1 while 5cm = 1.2:1) (eg the ratio of the smaller cube will always be bigger)
What is the comparison between the bulk material and its nanoparticles?
Nanoparticles show different properties from their bulk material because of their large surface area to volume ratio
Difference between bulk gold and gold nanoparticles’ ratios
Bulk gold is very unreactive but gold nanoparticles can be used as a catalyst in some chemical reactions
Benefits of using nanoparticles in Suncream
Better skin coverage, more effective protection, colourless, does not degrade on exposure to the sun
Risks of using nanoparticles in suncream
Potential damage to the body - fairly new and not enough research done on it and has harmful effects on the environment