5.1-5.3

short stature ex. moss. non-vascular (use osmosis). produce spores

ferns and horsetails. vascular. absence of flowers, triangular fronds

ceder, juniper, fir, pine trees. woody stems, leaves = needles or scales

make flowers (sexual reproductive organs), seeds surrounded by fruit

sponges. sessile (stuck in place), no mouths/digestive tracts, feed by pumping water thru tissues. no muscle, nerve tissue, distinct internal organs

sea jellies, coral polyps, sea anemones, jellyfish. stinging cells called nematocysts. some sessile, some free swimming. use gastric pouch w/ one opening to digest food caught in tentacles

flatworms. 1 body cavity (gut w one opening for food to enter and waste to exit). no heart no lungs. cells need to be close to surface to exchange gases by diffusion, so they’re flat. not segmented

segmented worms (earthworm, leeches, polychaetes). bristles on bodies. gastric tract w/ mouth at one end and opening at other for waste

snails, clams, octopi. shell reinforced w/ calcium. one-way digestive system w mouth and anus. not segmented

insects, spiders, crustaceans

vertebrates (have a backbone). notochord at some point of development (line of cartilage going down the back to provide support)