Redox, halogens, group 1 and 2 and 7 titrations
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What is the loss of electrons?
Oxidation.
What is the gain of electrons?
Reduction.
What is more electronegative? Carbon or oxygen?
Oxygen.
What is the oxidation number of a molecule?
0
What is the oxidation number of an un combined element?
0
In a simple ion, what is the oxidation number?
The charge of the ion e.g. In calcium chloride the metal is Ca²⁺ ion and the oxidation number of calcium is 2+
What is the oxidation number of hydrogen?
+1 (except in metal hydrides where it is -1)
What is the oxidation number of fluorine?
-1
What is the oxidation number of oxygen?
-2 except in peroxides,(-1) O₂²⁻ and compounds with fluorine.
What is the oxidation number of chlorine, bromine and iodine?
-1 except in compounds with oxygen and fluorine.
When 2 atoms are in a covalent bond, which will have what oxidation number?
The more electronegative one will have a negative oxidation number.
What is reduction?
The gain of hydrogen or the loss of oxygen.
What are oxidation numbers?
Systems of electron counting.
What is the symbol of an oxidising agent?
[o]
What is the symbol of a reduction agent?
[H]
What are oxidation states?
The same as oxidation numbers
What do oxidising agents do?
Gain electrons and get reduced.
What do reducing agents do?
Donates electrons and gets oxidised.
What is the oxidation number of a simple monatomic ion?
The same as the charge. An example is Na⁺
In copper (II) sulfate, what is the oxidation number of copper?
+2
When an electron is lost, what happens to the oxidation number?
Increases by 1
What an electron is gained, what will happen to the oxidation number?
It will decrease by 1
What is disproportionation?
When an element is oxidised and reduced at the same time.
What is the trend with group 2 metals and ionisation energy?
It decreases down the group as: Each element down has an extra electron shell. The inner electron shells shield the outer ones. The outer electrons are further away. Thus the outer electrons is easier to remove.