1D Solutions, Solubility & Separating
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What is a solute?
The substance being dissolved in a solvent
What is a solvent?
The liquid that dissolves a solute
What is a solution?
The mixture formed by a solute and a solvent.
If a substance is soluble, what does this mean?
It can dissolve
Give an example of a soluble substance.
E.g. salt, sugar
If a substance is insoluble, what does this mean?
It cannot dissolve e.g. sand.
Describe the process of dissolving.
When the particles in a solvent collide and move the particles of a solute until they are evenly spread (making a solution).
What is the law of conservation of matter?
Matter cannot be created or destroyed.
How do we know when a solvent becomes saturated?
When the solute will no longer dissolve into it.
What is solubility?
The maximum grams of solute that will dissolve into a solvent.
What does filtration do?
It separates an insoluble solid from a liquid (because the particles are different sizes)
What is filtrate?
This is the liquid that asses through a filter
What is ‘residue’ when filtering?
The solid that is left behind in the filter paper.
How do we cause ‘crystallisation’?
We evaporate the solvent away from a solution, leaving behind the solute
By which process do we separate a mixture of dissolved solutes?
Chromatography
What name is given to the process of separating liquids based on their different boiling points?
Distillation
How do we achieve ‘reliable’ results?
‘Repeat’ the investigation a few times and calculate an average of the results.
When measuring a volume, how can you improve ‘accuracy’?
Use a measuring cylinder.