Animal Breeding and Genetics
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science that deals with the principles of inheritance in animals
animal genetics
application of the principles of genetics
animal breeding
goal of animal breeding
improve animal’s efficiency and quality of production and reproduction
where does animal breeding principally focus
variation among animals, particularly genetic variation
study of heredity
genetics
chemical basis of genetics
DNA encoding specific proteins
genetic code of an animal
genome
proteins associated with the DNA in chromosomes
histones
have half the number of chromosomes
gametes
double helix composed of two strands of an alternating deoxyribose and phosphate
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
two types of DNA bases
• purines • pyrimidines
purines
• adenine • guanine
pyrimidine
• thymine • cytosine
what are the pairs
• adenine-thymine • cytosine-guanine
unit of DNA
nucleotide
what is the nucleotide comprised of
one - deoxyribose - phosphate - base
what are the four nucleotides
• adenosine monophosphate (A) • cytidine monophosphate (C) • guanosine monophosphate (G) • thymidine monophosphate (T)
what makes DNA remarkable
ability to direct its own synthesis
established the double-helical structure of DNA
• James Watson • Francis Crick
when did Watson and Crick establish the structure of DNA
1953
FCR meaning
feed conversion ratio
feed conversion ratio example
1.5 kg feeds -> 1 kg weight
consists of a series of codons
genetic code
what does each codon have
three nucleotides