Ch. 6 - Plant Nutrition
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What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
Water + Carbon dioxide –(with the help of sunlight and chlorophyll)—> Glucose + Oxygen
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6H2O + 6CO2 –(with the help of sunlight and chlorophyll)—> C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis refers to the process by which water and carbon dioxide react together in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll to create carbohydrates, mainly glucose. Oxygen is released as a by product.
What is the role of chlorophyll in a plant?
Chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight, which is used to make carbon dioxide and water together to create glucose.
Name the different visible parts of a leaf and mention their function.
Lamina - absorbs sunlight Veins - carry food and minerals throughout (their structure is based on whether the plant is a monocot or dicot) Midrib - central thick vein of the leaf Petiole - attached the leaf to the stem
What are the features and functions of the: Cuticle
Feature(s) - waxy layer, secrete by the epidermis Function(s) - prevents water loss, prevents against pathogens
What are the features and functions of the: Upper and Lower Epidermis
Feature(s) - Transparent/no chloroplasts Functions(s) - Protects the cell, prevents water loss, secretes the cuticle
What are the features and functions of the: Palisade Mesophyll Cells
Feature(s) - Tall and thin, tightly packed together, maximum number of chloroplasts Functions(s) - 4. Site of photosynthesis in the leaf
What are the features and functions of the: Spongy Mesophyll Cells
Feature(s) - Irregular shape, has air spaces, have chloroplasts Functions(s) - Site of gas exchange, assists in photosynthesis
What are the features and functions of the: Vascular Bundle
Feature(s) - Comprises of conducting vessels – xylem and phloem
How are vascular bundles in roots as compared to stems?
Roots: Xylem - present in an x shape in the middle Phloem - on the outside Stems: Xylem - scattered radially (towards inside) Phloem - scattered radially (outside)
What are the features and functions of the: Stomata
Feature(s) - Pore–like structures Functions(s) - Allows for diffusion of gases, helps in the transpiration of water
What are the features and functions of the: Guard Cells
Feature(s) - Come in pairs Functions(s) - Changes shape, regulates the closing and opening of stomata, regulates transpiration
What are the functions of xylem and phloem vessels?
Function of Xylem - transport water and minerals throughout the plant Function of Phloem - transport food and nutrients throughout the plant
What are the factors affecting photosynthesis?
• Supply of raw materials - carbon dioxide and water • Quantity of sunlight - which is the energy supplier • Temperature and pH - affects enzyme activity • Quantity of chlorophyll
What is the method for testing for starch in a leaf?
• Boil the leaf in 90 degree water - to disrupt the cell membrane so that the iodine can easily penetrate • Take out the leaf and place it in a boiling tube. • Add ethanol and place the ethanol boiling tube in a hot water bath - in order to remove the chlorophyll (chlorophyll is soluble in alcohol) • Rinse the leaf after taking it out • Spread the leaf properly on a watch glass • Add iodine solution (which is the reagent). • If starch is present, a blue-black compound will form else the leaf will remain pale yellow.
What is a limiting factor?
A limiting factor is a factor of a process which is unsuitable or in short supply and thus reduces the rate of the process.