6.2 NITROGEN COMPOUNDS,POLYMERS & SYNTHESIS
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State what determines primary,secondary and tertiary name for amines
• The number of alkyl chains/groups on the nitrogen
State the prefix for a secondary amine (e.g methyl propylamine)
N-methyl propylamine
State the prefix for a tertairy amine (e.g diethyl propylamine)
N,N-diethyl propylamine
Explain how amines are bases in terms of bronsted-lowry and lewis
• The nitrogen atom has a lone pair of electrons which accept H⁺ protons • Therefore, amines are weak bases that react with dilute strong acids to form salts
Alkyl amine + acid –>
Alkylammonium salt
Reaction/conditions for amine with HCl (e.g ethylamine)
Reaction/conditions for amine with HNO3 (e.g dimethylamine)
Reaction/conditions for amine with H2SO4 (e.g propylamine)
Reaction/conditions for aromatic amine preperation
Explain why in the preperation of aromatic amines that strong NaOH/alkali is used afterwards.
• To remove the excess HCl left by neutralising it
Reaction/conditions for the preperation of primary aliphatic amines (2 STEP)
State and explain the effect of using excess NH3 in primary aliphatic amine preperation
• Excess ammonia can limit further substitution reaction • However, excess ammonia maximises the yeild of primary amine product (because its a reversible reaction)
Reaction/conditions for the preperation of secondary aliphatic amines
Reaction/conditions for the preperation of tertiary aliphatic amines
Draw the general strcuture of a α-amino acid
RCH(NH₂)COOH
Define zwitterion
• The formation of an internal salt as both functional groups exchange a proton to reach an isoelectric point
Define isoelectric point
• When there is no net electrical charge due to the zwitterion having an internal balance of charge • pH 6.5
Draw and explain the effect of low pH/acidic conditions on a zwitterion
Draw and explain the effect of high pH/basic conditions on a zwitterion
State the four reactions of an amino acids carboxyl group (COOH)
State the reaction of an amino acids amine group (NH2)
State what determines primary and secondary name for amides
• The number of overall alkyl chains/groups attached to the amide group
Define optical isomerism
• Two non-superimposible mirror images about a chiral centre
Draw the optical isomers of an amino acid
