Heat transfer- Chemistry

Conduction, Convection, Radiation

Close, vibrating, uniform rows, set mass and shape, does not flow easily

Takes the shape of its container, no set mass or shape, lots of space between particles, moves very fast

Takes the shape of its container, no set shape, medium shape between particles, flows, moves at a medium pace

The process of heat transfer through direct contact. Creates a chain effect- the heated particles will bump into unheated particles until every particle is heated.

The cycle of the transfer of thermal energy on gases and liquids (rising and sinking hot and cold liquids)

The transfer of energy in the form of a special kind of wave. The energy that is transferred this way is called radiant energy.

The particle theory is a system of ideas that explains a phenomenon with all present knowledge. The particle theory describes the characteristics that we believe apply to all particles.

All matter is made up of particles There is always space between particles Each pure substance has its own kind of particle which is different from particles of another pure substance Particles are always moving - Particles are attracted to one another

It melts into a liquid.

It evaporates into a gas.

Its vapor pressure and volume increases.

Uneven heating of liquid on a stove can produce convection currents. Similarly, uneven heating of air at Earth’s surface can produce convection currents in the air. Large convection currents in air are called “wind.”The air feels cooler near lakes and oceans in the summer because the energy from the Sun does not heat the air over land and water evenly.

white and shiny= reflects/ heat bounces off=minimum heat Dark and dull= absorbs heat= maximum heat

Sun radiation has multiple effects according to the objects sheen and color. For example, shiny and white will repel sunlight, while dull and dark will absorb it. In terms of the heating and cooling of the earth, shiny plates of ice will reflect sunlight back into the atmosphere, while dark soil will absorb it.

A greenhouse gas is a gas that traps and absorbs heat, consequently resulting in helping the greenhouse effect, such as CO2, Methane, and Nitrogen.

Expansion is when any matter is heated. The particles move faster as they gain heat energy, so they begin press against the sides of the object, making it slowly expand. Contraction is the opposite, in which the object is cooled and the particles slow down, causing them to contract and shrink in mass. In cases of balloons or other inflatable objects, it would visibly shrink due to the slowing down of the particles.