TOPIC 15 - TRANSITION METALS

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

Transition metal

Back (Answer)

is a d-block element that has an incomplete d-subshell as a stale ion found in btw Gp2 and 3 - lose e- from 4s first

Front (Question)

properties of transition metals

Back (Answer)

• have different oxidative states • form complexes • coloured compounds • acts as catalysts - good catalyst as they exist in variable oxid stats so provide alternative pathways so Gp1 etc not good catalysts • as well as other metal porperties

Front (Question)

why is Sc not a transition metal element?

Back (Answer)

Sc3+ as a stable ion it’s d block subshell is empty and it only forms Sc3+ ion Sc - 4s2,3d1 Sc 3+ - 3p6

Front (Question)

why is Zn not a transition metal element?

Back (Answer)

Zn only forms Zn2+ and as it’s stable ion it’s d-subshell is completely filled - 3d10 zn - [Ar] 4s0,3d10

Front (Question)

why do transition metals have variable oxidation states?

Back (Answer)

4s and 3d orbitals are really close in energy levels - is possible for electrons to be lost from both orbitals easily so remaining electrons can form stable configurations

Front (Question)

exceptional e- config

Back (Answer)

Cr - 24 as a ion 4s1 3d5 Cu - 29 as a ion 4s1 3d10 5 subshells in d = total 3d10

Front (Question)

what is a complex ion

Back (Answer)

a transition metal ion bonded to 1/ more ligands by co-ordinate bonds/dative covalent bonds

Front (Question)

ligand def

Back (Answer)

molecule or an ion that can donate a pair of electrons to the transition metal ion to form a co-ordinate bond

Front (Question)

co-ordinate number

Back (Answer)

the total number of c-ordinate bonds formed between a central metal ion and its ligands

#10

Front (Question)

solid wedge

Back (Answer)

bonds coming out of the plane of the paper

#11

Front (Question)

hatched wedge

Back (Answer)

bonds going behind the plane of the paper

#12

Front (Question)

ligands and their charge

Back (Answer)

H2O = 0 aqua -OH = -1 hydroxo NH3 = 0 ammine Cl - = -1 chloro Cl- ligand is much larger and change in coord no

#13

Front (Question)

hexaaquairon(II)

Back (Answer)

[Fe(h2o)6] 2+ coordinate no = 6 6 dative covalent bonds

#14

Front (Question)

tetrachloroferrate (III)

Back (Answer)

[Fecl4]- depends on size of ligand that determine the coordinate no

#15

Front (Question)

[Cu(NH3)4(H20)2] 2+

Back (Answer)

tetraammineaquacopper (II)

#16

Front (Question)

why is partially filled d-orbital in transition element is responsible for the colour. (e- occupied)

Back (Answer)

when white light passing through sol. containing transition metal ions some wavlengths of visible light from EM spec are absorbed colour observed is a mix of wavelength of light that have not been absorbed

#17

Front (Question)

complementary colours

Back (Answer)

absorbs red - look blue/ green

#18

Front (Question)

increase in frequency absorbed violet/indigo

Back (Answer)

the lower the wavelength absorbed 400nm

#19

Front (Question)

sol. CuSO4 appears blue

Back (Answer)

because sol absorbs red/organge region of EM and refelcts/transits blue colour

#20

Front (Question)

Sc(III) 4s23d0

Back (Answer)

is colourless in sol. as there is no partially filled d-orbital for the colour

#21

Front (Question)

uses of iron

Back (Answer)

vehicle bodies to reinforce concrete

#22

Front (Question)

uses titanium

Back (Answer)

jet engine parts

#23

Front (Question)

uses of copper

Back (Answer)

water pipes

#24

Front (Question)

example of catalysts in transition metals

Back (Answer)

iron - harber process vanadium oxide - contact process MnO2 - decompo H2O2