Flashcards For the Quarter 1 Exam (skeletal system, nervous system, endocrine system, medical terminology, body planes, medical abbreviations, word roots)

• to provide shape and support to the body • to protect vital organs • to act as a set of levers • together with muscles help a person move • to produce blood cells • to store calcium

longer than they are wide; form the extremities (arms and legs)

have similar length and width to long bones; can be found in the wrists and ankles; have an outer layer of compact bone and an inner layer of bone with a latticework structure

have a broad shape; can be found in the skull, shoulder blades, and pelvis; cover organs to protect them or to provide a surface for large areas of muscle

specialized; do not fit the other types; ex.: bones of the ear, face and vertebrae

longest part of a bone

each end of the shaft

thin layer that covers the epiphysis to absorb shock where two bones meet to form a joint

is made of compact bone tissue, does not bend easily, covered by the periosteum

tough, fibrous tissue; contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, and osteoblasts for bone growth, repair and nutrition

spongy bone

cavity in the center of the shaft where marrow is stored; lined by the endosteum to keep the cavity intact

present in long bones; important for making blood cells

found in epiphyses and certain flat bones; produces red blood cells, platelets, some white blood cells

have throughout their bodies; as they become adults, most is replaced with yellow marrow

mostly made of flat cells; fills the medullary canal; serves as fat storage; contains blood vessels and some cells that form white blood cells

important part of the skeletal system; tough, fibrous brands of connective tissue; serve to support the internal organs and hold bones together at the joints

structures that separate two or more adjacent elements of the skeletal system (ex.: elbows and knees); classified by movement

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

connected by dense connective tissues consistent mainly of collagen; immovable; skull bones are connected by fibrous joints

connected entirely by cartilage: allows more movement between bones than a fibrous joint, but less than synovial joints (ex.: the intervertebral discs you see when you see images of the spine)

most common type of joints in the body; unlike the others, have a joint cavity that contains fluid, provides a greater range of motion and to cushion the bones from impact against each other

axial and appendicular

forms the main trunk of the body; includes the skull, spinal column, ribs, breastbone