Chapter 5

A moral theory asserting that humans have inherent knowledge of what is right and wrong through reason, reflecting the moral order of nature.

Moral law revealed by God, often complementing natural law, guiding humans toward their ultimate purpose.

God’s unchanging plan for creation; the overarching order that natural law reflects in human behavior.

Fundamental moral principles derived from human nature and the natural law, such as preserving life, reproduction, education, and seeking God.

Specific moral rules derived from primary precepts, applying general principles to particular situations.

Human law is created by societies to organize behavior, whereas natural law is universal and based on reason and moral order.

The ultimate purpose or end of a thing; for humans, it is achieving perfect happiness through living morally.

Perfect happiness is the fulfillment of human nature (union with God or ultimate good), while imperfect happiness is temporary or earthly satisfaction.

It is the study of moral principles and human behavior without assuming God’s existence, often to understand the natural law from reason alone.

1) Humans share a common nature. 2) Moral principles are grounded in that nature. 3) Basic principles are unchanging unless human nature changes. 4) Principles direct humans toward proper ends/goods. 5) All people know these principles.

1) Eternal Law – divine Logos ordering creation 2) Divine Law – revealed to Jews and Christians 3) Natural Law – known through reason to all humans 4) Human Law – culturally specific laws that must not violate natural law

True

Human nature

In the majority of cases, but not each and every case.

False

Our lives to peaceful coexistence with one another.